Financial History 100th Edition Double Issue (Spring/Summer 2011) | Page 61

Low costs and index funds have helped make Vanguard the nation’s largest mutual fund family. Robert L. Augenblick Tax-Exempt Funds For many years, people in the fund industry and in state and local governments expressed a desire to have funds invest in tax-exempt bonds and pass the tax-free interest on to fund shareholders. However, tax law treated all dividends paid by funds as taxable. Moreover, many important members of Congress questioned the wisdom of the underlying tax exemption and did not want it extended to fund shareholders. Finally, interest rates tended to be low, so that it was not practical to operate tax-exempt funds. When interest rates climbed in the late 1960s and 1970s, the proposition became viable. Bob Augenblick had attended Harvard Law School, served in the Office of Strategic Services during World War II, and practiced law in New York City. He joined the Investment Company Institute in 1962 as general counsel, and became its president. In 1976, he made enactment of tax-exempt fund legislation his final goal before his upcoming retirement. He assembled a team consisting of himself; Ed Cohen, the Institute’s long-time outside tax counsel; Ramsay Potts, the Institute’s outside legislative counsel; and Donald Petrie, an attorney and investment banker retained by the Dreyfus fund group. Despite the opposition of the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, Bob and his team succeeded in having