Financial History Issue 122 (Summer 2017) | Page 21

over slavery threatened all three legs. To defeat the forces of slavery, the leaders of the Union expanded the fiscal capacity of the state they had inherited from the early republic. In the process, they strengthened each of the three legs and established the means to finance ambitious American gov- ernments well into the 20th century.  W. Elliot Brownlee is Emeritus Professor of History at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His most recent book is Federal Taxation in America: A History, Third Edition. Cambridge, UK: Cam- bridge University Press, 2016. Sources Becker, Robert A. Revolution, Reform, and the Politics of American Taxation, 1763–1783. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 1980. Brewer, John. The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688–1783. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1989. Brown, Roger H. Redeeming the Republic: Federalists, Taxation and the Origins of the Constitution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1993. Brownlee, W. Elliot. Federal Taxation in America: A History, Third Edition. Cambridge. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 2016. Edling, Max. A Hercules in the Cradle: War, Money, and the American State, 1783–1867. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2014. Einhorn, Robin. American Taxation, American Slavery. Chicago: University of Chicago. 2006. Ferguson, E. James. The Power of the Purse: A History of American Public Finance, 1776– 1790. Chapel Hill: University of North Caro- lina Press. 1961. Handlin, Oscar and Mary Flug Handlin. Com- monwealth: A Study of the Role of Govern- ment in the American Economy: Massachu- setts, 1774–1861, Revised Edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1969. Legler, John B., Richard Sylla and John J. Wal- lis. “US City Finances and the Growth of Government, 1850–1902.” Journal of Eco- nomic History. Vol. 48, pgs. 347–356. 1988. Rabushka, Alvin. Taxation in Colonial Amer- ica. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2008. Sylla, Richard. “Long-Term Trends in State and Local Fin ance: Sources and Uses of Funds in North Carolina, 1800–1977,” in Long-Term Factors in American Economic Growth, ed. Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman, National Bureau of Economic Research, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 51, pgs. 832–35. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1986. Sylla, Richard. “Shaping the US Financial Sys- tem, 1690–1913: The Dominant Role of Pub- lic Finance,” in Richard Sylla, Richard Tilly and Gabriel Tortella, eds., The State, the Financial System and Economic Moderniza- tion, pgs. 249–270. United Kingdom: Cam- bridge University Press. 1999. Wright, Robert E. One Nation Under Debt: Hamilton, Jefferson and the History of What We Owe. New York: McGraw Hill. 2008. www.MoAF.org  |  Summer 2017  |  FINANCIAL HISTORY  19