Financial History Issue 117 (Spring 2016) | Page 15

By Edward G. Lengel George Washington probably wrote thousands of safe-passage passes, as was only natural for a man who held so much authority. Most of them were routine: allowing civilians to cross military checkpoints, messengers to enter secured areas, and the like. There were exceptions — like passes for spies. None, though, was more unusual than the one he penned at his presidential desk in Philadelphia on the morning of January 9, 1793. It read: First Entrepreneur The bearer hereof, Mr. Blanchard a citizen of France, proposing to ascend in a balloon from the city of Philadelphia, at 10 o’clock, a.m. this day, to pass in such direction and to descend in such place as circumstances may render most convenient — These are therefore to recommend to all citizens of the United States, and others, that in his passage, descent, return or journeying elsewhere, they oppose no hindrance or molestation to the said Mr. Blanchard; And, that on the contrary, they receive and aid him with that humanity and good will, which may render honor to their country, and justice to an individual so distinguished by his efforts to establish and advance an art, in order to make it useful to mankind in general. Washington would deliver this pass personally. Cannon fire awoke Philadelphians at dawn that day. The guns — unloaded, thankfully  —  boomed at regular intervals thereafter, and a growing hubbub embroiled the streets. Curious crowds gravitated toward the prison yard, where people jabbered excitedly about a big event due to begin at nine o’clock. Many probably thought they were about to witness a hanging until they caught glimpses of an immense heap of yellow varnished silk laced with netting lying in the yard’s center. A Frenchman gaily dressed in a General George Washington, later the nation’s first president, was also an early entrepreneur who believed the world needed visionaries. Spring 2016  |  FINANCIAL HISTORY  13