Financial History Issue 123 (Fall 2017) | Page 16

Check from the Ford Motor Company IPO payable to The Ford Foundation for $642,600,000, dated January 26, 1956. relationship with Sidney Weinberg dated back to World War II when he, Weinberg and Brownlee all served on the War Pro- duction Board (WPB). Chaired by Donald Nelson, who was then the vice president and chairman of the executive committee of Sears, Roebuck & Co., the WPB (1942– 45) was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to coordinate war production activities across government agencies. Weinberg, Goldman Sachs’s senior partner who had campaigned for FDR in 1932 and 1936, was appointed to the WPB in 1942. His job was to find mem- bers of private industry for the board. Born in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, Weinberg was the son of a wholesale liquor dealer. One of 11 children, he had limited formal educa- tion and started working at a young age. In 1907 he got a job with Goldman Sachs, where partner Paul Sachs became a men- tor to him and encouraged him to study, even paying for Weinberg to take classes at New York University. After serving in World War I, Weinberg returned to the firm and worked in the Bond Department. He made partner in 1927 and senior part- ner in 1930. Weinberg was well-known for his abil- ity to build relationships. President Roos- evelt, whom Weinberg had known since Roosevelt was Governor of New York, dubbed him “The Politician.” According to William D. Cohan, author of Money and Power: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the World, General Electric’s Charles Wilson joined the WPB after Weinberg put the “heat” on him from behind the scenes to leave GE and move to Washing- ton. Weinberg and Wilson became close friends, and their association continued well after World War II. In 1945, Weinberg joined the board of directors of General Electric, no small feat given that GE was a long-time cli- ent of the Morgan banks [J.P. Morgan & Co. (f. 1895) and later Morgan Stanley & Co. (f. 1935)]. During the Korean War, when President Harry Truman appointed Wilson to head up the Office of Defense Mobilization, Weinberg served as Wil- son’s chief assistant. Charles Wilson was not the only con- tact with the Ford Foundation and family that Weinberg made during his wartime service. The WPB also had an Automotive Branch, which was headed by Ernest Kan- zler (1892–1967), Henry Ford II’s uncle and adviser, who had been the production director of the Ford Motor Company. Kanzler was married to Henry Ford II’s mother’s sister. He became director gen- eral of the WPB in 1943. During the war, the WPB coordinated with the Automo- tive Council for War Production (ACWP, 1940–1945), a volunteer industry group that organized war production for the automobile industry. Its original board included Henry Ford II’s father, Edsel. After Edsel died in 1943, Henry Ford II joined the board of the Automotive Coun- cil in May 1944, succeeding Charles Soren- son, vice president of the Ford Motor Company, who had taken Edsel’s place. Henry Ford II does not appear to have 14    FINANCIAL HISTORY  |  Fall 2017  | www.MoAF.org ever been a member of the WPB, as many sources suggest. Between 1941 and 1943, he was serving in the US Navy, and he left only when his father died, apparently with some strings being pulled by his uncle. According to William Cohan, as well as Judith Ramsey Ehrlich and Barry J. Rehfeld, co-authors of The New Crowd: The Changing of the Jewish Guard on Wall Street, Ford II and Weinberg met in Janu- ary 1947 when Ford II “became a member of the Business Advisory Council (BAC) of the US Department of Commerce.” Weinberg had helped to create the BAC in 1933 after, he said, “President Roosevelt complained he had no contact with busi- ness.” (It met several times a year with the Commerce Secretary). Like Wilson, Ford II became close friends with Weinberg, and by the time the Ford Foundation and family were negotiating over the stock sale, Ford II tapped him to act as the fam- ily’s adviser. Even though Weinberg’s friend was acting as the primary negotiator for the Foundation’s board of trustees, and even though he had long-standing relationships with the primary players on both sides, the deal was not an easy one. Weinberg submitted more than 50 reorganization plans before finding an acceptable solu- tion to both parties. The final agreement between the family and the foundation determined “the family [would] give up their exclusive right to vote in the affairs of management, and [would] transfer 60% of the voting rights to a new Common Stock.” The deal created three types of